Returning to the Netherlands, she joined the women's team of Ter Leede in addition to her job as a physical education teacher.

After retiring in 2003, Wiegman began her coaching career with the women's teams of Ter Leede and ADO Den Haag.

[7] After being appointed as the head coach of the Dutch national team, Wiegman led them to victory at the UEFA Women's Euro 2017.

[15] In August 2020, it was announced that Wiegman would manage the England women's national team from September 2021 following the end of Phil Neville's contract.

[17] In 1988, while in China for the 1988 FIFA Women's Invitation Tournament, she met USWNT head coach Anson Dorrance, who invited her to come and study at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and play for the North Carolina Tar Heels women's soccer team, which she did in 1989.

[12][13] At North Carolina, Wiegman played alongside such players as Mia Hamm, Kristine Lilly and Carla Overbeck.

[17][19] Wiegman later described the team quality and working conditions as being "of the highest level," which made for a stark contrast with the situation in the Netherlands when she returned there after one year.

[12][13] Wiegman became a physical education teacher at the secondary school Segbroek College in The Hague, Netherlands, a job she would keep for the rest of her playing career.

[3][25][26] On 27 March 2015, it was announced that Wiegman would be attending the KNVB course to obtain a coaching licence, becoming only the third woman to do so, after Vera Pauw and Hesterine de Reus.

[33][34] On 23 December 2016, Van der Laan was sacked by the KNVB and Wiegman was once again appointed interim head coach of the Netherlands Women.

[7][8] Wiegman was appointed head coach six months before the start of the UEFA Women's Euro 2017, for which the Netherlands had automatically qualified as hosts.

Wiegman became the second Dutch coach to lead the national team to a major honour, after Rinus Michels at the men's UEFA Euro 1988.

[39] Two days later, she was awarded as a Knight of the Order of Orange-Nassau at a ceremony which saw the entire European Championship-winning team receive the same honour.

[40] After securing qualification for the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup, Wiegman led the Netherlands to the final of the tournament, in which they were defeated 0–2 by the United States.

[44][45] After Neville resigned before his tenure was over, Norwegian Hege Riise assumed the role on an interim basis in January 2021 until Wiegman could take over.

[47] On 30 November 2021, Wiegman's England side set a new national record with a 20–0 win over Latvia during World Cup qualifying.

[49] The Lionesses claimed their first silverware of the Wiegman era at the inaugural Arnold Clark Cup, a friendly invitational tournament hosted by England and featuring four of the top 10 ranked nations.

[53] In December 2022, Wiegman was appointed as an Honorary Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) "for services to association football", in recognition of her role in the Lionesses' success.

[59] Five days later, on the occasion of her 31st match, Wiegman lost as England manager for the first time, losing 2–0 in a friendly against Australia.