Space segment

[1] The overall design of the payload, satellite, ground segment, and end-to-end system is a complex task.

[2] Satellite communications payload design must be properly coupled with the capabilities and interaction with the spacecraft bus that provides power, stability and environmental support to the payload.

Geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) supports businesses in satellite television and radio broadcasting, as well as data and mobile communications.

A communications satellite is composed of a communications payload (repeater and antenna) and supporting spacecraft bus (including solar arrays and batteries, attitude and orbit control systems, structure and thermal control system), and is placed in orbit by a launch vehicle.

[4] Broadband mobile terminals now provide improved access to the Internet for a range of applications, including videoconferencing.