[3] S. caementarium is widespread in Canada, the United States, Central America and the West Indies, and has been introduced to many Pacific Islands (including Australia, Hawaii, and Japan), Peru and Europe,[3][4] where it has become established in some countries of the Mediterranean Basin (Croatia,[5] France[5] and Corsica,[5] Italy,[5] Cyprus,[5] Malta,[6] the Canary Islands,[5] and Madeira)[5] and Austria,[5] Bulgaria and Ukraine.

[5] This species is found in a wide variety of habitats, such as rock ledges, man-made structures, puddles and other water edges, cypress domes, in long leaf pines (Pinus palustris), and in turkey oaks.

These sphecid wasps collect mud balls at puddle and pool edges for constructing nests.

Frequently, nests are built in shaded areas inside formations that are sheltered from the weather or from other environmental elements.

The entire nest may attain an area equal to, or larger than, the size of an average human fist.

A common species of cuckoo wasp, Chrysis angolensis, is frequently a cleptoparasite in Sceliphron nests, and is only one of many different insects that parasitize these mud daubers.