The station opened on 3 June 1847 as Schiedam, with The Hague – Rotterdam railway line.

In 2000, the railway building was completely renewed as part of the extension of the East-West Line of the Rotterdam Metro, which has called at Schiedam Centrum since November 2002.

In 2017, railway services to Hook of Holland ceased as the line would be converted for metro operations.

Service to Hook of Holland resumed on 30 September 2019, now operated by RET Metro Line B.

In 1856 the first major train accident in the Netherlands occurred near Schiedam causing three deaths.