Each jurisdiction can have laws, licensing bodies, and regulations that describe requirements for education and training, and define scope of practice.
Governing, licensing, and law enforcement bodies are often at the sub-national (e.g. state or province) level, but national guidelines and regulations also often exist.
[4] The American Medical Association (AMA), an advocacy group for physicians, claims that increasing the scope of APNs does not increase access to care and can be dangerous because the responsibilities afforded to the professionals exceed the tasks that they can safely perform given their training, which is lower relative to physicians.
[1] However, according to the American Nurses Association, it is important that nurses, including APNs, can practice to the fullest extent of their abilities and training; they claim that there is a growing body of evidence to support APNs caring for patients with broader scopes.
[3] In the United States, the National Scope of Practice Model is designed to standardize and improve EMS provider education.