This refers to how that arises when we say that God can be omnipotent (all powerful), omniscient (all knowing), and omnibenevolent (all benevolent).
Secondly, the problem of evil, which tries to address the contradiction that arises when explaining the creation of if God is all good and all knowing.
[1] In the High Middle Ages, a Scottish philosopher, John Duns Scotus (1265-1308) made significant impressions on the areas of natural theology, metaphysics, the theory of knowledge, ethics and moral philosophy.
Scotus’s stance on natural theology is that human beings can come to know God in ways apart from revelation.
Mention of Descartes first appeared in the graduation theses by regent Andrew Cant for Marischal College, the University of Aberdeen in 1654.
Until the end of the 1660s, the universities gradually incorporated occasional Cartesianism themes into the scholastic structure of the curriculum.
[5] The idea of "natural law" can first be found in Supplements and Observations upon Samuel Pufendorf's On the Duty of Man and Citizen according to the Law of Nature by Gershom Carmichael, which says that we are required to do what God prescribes to us as a sign of love and veneration.
Hutcheson's moral philosophy emerged as a reaction to Hobbes' psychological egoism and Clarke and Wollaston's rationalism.
[5] Lord Kames defines beauty as anything that you can derive pleasure from in his Essays on the Principles of Morality and Natural Religion.
Thus, a ship may give pleasure because it is elegantly shaped as well as because it facilitates trade which in turn is a positive beneficial exchange.
[7] Another ambassador was Thomas Carlyle, whose Critical and Miscellaneous Essays introduced many English speakers to German philosophy, and whose own contributions make him a prominent figure in the Scottish philosophical tradition.
[8] Scottish philosophy began to acquire a self-conscious identity, which according to James McCosh, now consists of two opposing strands: the first is the materialism of Alexander Bain, and second the Hegelianism of Edward Caird.
From McCosh's perspective, the increasing popularity of Scottish philosophical school was a step in a different direction from the original methods and moral and religious standpoints.
McCosh was hopeful that the rise of cultural and intellectual independence of the United States would provide a fertile ground for the birth of a new American philosophy that would preserve the best of Scottish philosophical tradition.
Traveling between Edinburgh and London could be accomplished in ten and a half hours via the Flying Scotsman, an express train service.
Eventually, the changing social, political and economic conditions resulted in reforms that revitalized the university curriculum.