[4] Conflicts on the seabed can be both conventional and unconventional, the latter encompassing non-kinetic approaches such as lawfare.
[5] France has integrated seabed warfare into their military strategy with the concept of Seabed Control Operations which involves expanding their existing mine warfare and hydro-oceanography capabilities to deal with a more comprehensive spectrum of threats.
[6] The American Block VI Virginia-class submarines will include the organic ability to employ seabed warfare equipment.
[7] The Russian submarine Losharik is thought to be capable of seabed warfare.
[8] The Chinese HSU-001 is a small UUV, speculated to be optimized for seabed warfare.