An algorithm is said to solve the problem if at least one corresponding structure exists, and then one occurrence of this structure is made output; otherwise, the algorithm stops with an appropriate output ("not found" or any message of the like).
Every search problem also has a corresponding decision problem, namely This definition may be generalized to n-ary relations using any suitable encoding which allows multiple strings to be compressed into one string (for instance by listing them consecutively with a delimiter).
More formally, a relation R can be viewed as a search problem, and a Turing machine which calculates R is also said to solve it.
More formally, if R is a binary relation such that field(R) ⊆ Γ+ and T is a Turing machine, then T calculates R if: (Note that the graph of a partial function is a binary relation, and if T calculates a partial function then there is at most one possible output.)
Such problems occur very frequently in graph theory and combinatorial optimization, for example, where searching for structures such as particular matchings, optional cliques, particular stable sets, etc.