Desalination by country

There are approximately 16,000 operational desalination plants, located across 177 countries, which generate an estimated 95 million m3/day of fresh water.

The island of Aruba has a large (world's largest at the time of its inauguration)[citation needed] desalination plant, with a total installed capacity of 11.1 million US gallons (42,000 m3) per day.

A combination of increased water usage and lower rainfall/drought in Australia caused state governments to turn to desalination.

Large-scale seawater reverse osmosis plants (SWRO) now contribute to the domestic water supplies of several major Australian cities including Adelaide, Melbourne, Sydney, Perth and the Gold Coast.

Completed in 2000, the Al Hidd Desalination Plant on Muharraq island employed a multistage flash process, and produces 272,760 m3 (9,632,000 cu ft) per day.

[35] The Hong Kong Water Supplies Department had pilot desalination plants in Tuen Mun and Ap Lei Chau using reverse-osmosis technology.

[38] In 2014, the government confirmed the reservation of a 10-hectare site at Tseung Kwan O for the construction of a reverse-osmosis desalination plant with an initial output capacity of 50 million cubic metres per annum.

Plans include provisions for future expansion to an ultimate capacity of 90 million cubic metres per annum, which will meet about 10 per cent of Hong Kong's fresh water demand.

[44] Fresh water in Gibraltar is supplied by a number of reverse osmosis and multistage flash desalination plants.

[49][50] For industrial uses, 100 MLPD plant was set up in Dahej, Gujarat in 2022 with an investment cost of approximately ₹900 crore (US$100 million).

Also in Aktau there is membrane technology water desalination plant Kaspiy, which power comes to 20,000 m3/day Kuwait does not have any permanent rivers.

[79] A pilot seawater greenhouse was built in 2004 near Muscat, in collaboration with Sultan Qaboos University, providing a sustainable horticultural sector on the Batinah coast.

It has a capacity of 600 cubic metres (21,000 cu ft) per day and it is owned and operated by the Coastal Municipalities Water Utility.

[89] The Saline Water Conversion Corporation of Saudi Arabia provides 50% of the municipal water in the Kingdom, operates a number of desalination plants, and has contracted $1.892 billion[91] to a Japanese-South Korean consortium to build a new facility capable of producing a billion liters per day, opening at the end of 2013.

[98] Existing (25% of Singapore's 2017 water demand) Lanzarote is the easternmost of the autonomous Canary Islands, which are of volcanic origin.

In 1974, the venture was injected with investments from local and municipal governments, and a larger infrastructure was put in place in 1989, the Lanzarote Island Waters Consortium (INALSA)[101] was formed.

[102] While mainland Sweden is able to depend on long rivers, many thousands of lakes and groundwater, the sunny and dry nature of the Baltic Sea archipelago has led to a deficit of water on the island of Gotland.

[114] This plant will be located at Trinidad's Point Lisas Industrial Estate, a park of more than 12 companies in various manufacturing and processing functions, and it will allow for easy access to water for both factories and residents in the country.

[117] The include the Jebel Ali desalination plant in Dubai, a dual-purpose facility, uses multistage flash distillation and is the largest in the world, capable of producing 2,227,600 m3 (2,913,600 cu yd) of water per day.

Al Taweelah RO is the world's largest reverse osmosis desalination plant, producing 909,200 m3 (1,189,200 cu yd) of water per day.

[126] In 1977, Cape Coral, Florida became the first municipality in the United States to use the RO process on a large scale with an initial operating capacity of 3 million gallons per day.

By 1985, due to the rapid growth in population of Cape Coral, the city had the largest low pressure reverse osmosis plant in the world, capable of producing 15 MGD.

The brackish and seawater desalination plants have the capacity to produce 245 million gallons of potable water per day.

[133] The Tampa Bay Water desalination project near Tampa, Florida, was originally a private venture led by Poseidon Resources, but it was delayed by the bankruptcy of Poseidon Resources' successive partners in the venture, Stone & Webster, then Covanta (formerly Ogden) and its principal subcontractor, Hydroanautics.

After its parent went bankrupt, Covanta also filed for bankruptcy prior to performing renovations that would have satisfied contractual agreements.

In 2004, Tampa Bay Water hired a renovation team, American Water/Acciona Aqua, to bring the plant to its original, anticipated design.

The plant was deemed fully operational in 2007,[134] and is designed to run at a maximum capacity of 25 million US gallons (95,000 m3) per day.