He worked in the studios of the history painters Domenico and Gerolamo Induno and Roberto Focosi while studying at the Brera Academy of Fine Arts.
His participation in the Brera exhibitions with works of social commitment on historical subjects was initially irregular because of his involvement as a volunteer in the nationalistic uprisings and wars of independence.
[1] His work focused as from 1855 on the military and patriotic genre with a rich repertoire of battle scenes repeated in a range of variations, which gradually became his speciality.
On returning to Milan, he joined the Società della Confusion – which took institutionalised form as the Circolo degli Artisti in 1875 – together with Tranquillo Cremona and Eleuterio Pagliano.
This cultural climate gravitating around the Scapigliatura movement was the background to the artist's first watercolours and works of a less committed nature characterised by events and aspects of contemporary life, including the celebrated horse-racing scenes.