Seima-Turbino culture

Seima-Turbino is attested across northern Eurasia, particularly Siberia and Central Asia,[2] maybe from Fennoscandia to Mongolia, Northeast China, Russian Far East, Korea, and Japan.

[2] These findings have suggested a common point of cultural origin, possession of advanced metal working technology, and unexplained rapid migration.

[9] The bronzes found were technologically advanced for the time, including lost wax casting, and showed high degree of artist input in their design.

[13][full citation needed] [14] The Seima-Turbino culture may have been identical with the northern tribes of the Guifang ("Devil's Country") reported by Chinese historical chronicles of the Shang dynasty (c. 1600 BC–c.

[15][16] Particularly, the introduction of the socketed spearheads with a single side hook seems to date back to the period of the Taosi culture, when the earliest and most faithful Seima-Turbino types start to appear in China, circa 2100-2000 BCE.

[17] Various types of Seima-Turbino style objects are known from the early cultures of China:[18] It has been conjectured that changes in climate in this region around 2000 BCE and the ensuing ecological, economic and political changes triggered a rapid and massive migration westward into northeast Europe, eastward into Korea, and southward into Southeast Asia (Vietnam and Thailand) across a frontier of some 4,000 miles.

Supposedly this migration took place in just five to six generations and enabled people from Finland in the west to Thailand in the east to employ the same metal working technology and in some areas, horse breeding and riding.

[23] The distribution of Seima-Turbino sites is argued to display a correlation with the range of paternal haplogroup N-M231 (N3a3’6 [corrected to 2020: "N" basic]) as well as the westwards spread of "Neo-Siberian" ancestry, both being maximized among the Uralic-speaking Nganasans.

Seima-Turbino socketed spearheads with single side hook started to be introduced in China c. 2100-2000 BCE [ 15 ]
Influences on Chinese metallurgy. [ 22 ]