Semyon Ilyich Kharlamov (Russian: Семён Ильич Харламов; 30 April 1921 – 5 May 1990) was a reconnaissance and fighter pilot during World War II who was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.

His wife, Nadezhda Popova, a squadron commander in the famed "Night Witches" who he met at the warfront, was also a Hero of the Soviet Union.

There, he flew for the rest of the war and quickly rose through the ranks from senior pilot to squadron commander.

In September 1943 during the battle for the Taman Peninsula he documented a convoy of 300 enemy vehicles and barges in the port, enabling attack aircraft to close in on the target.

Throughout the war he piloted the Yak-1, LaGG-3, and La-5 fighters, totaled 575 sorties, 419 of which were reconnaissance missions, tallying four solo and two shared shootdowns of enemy aircraft over the course of 85 aerial engagements.