The area of the uezd corresponded to most of the contemporary Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti region of Georgia.

[1] The Senaki uezd was formed in 1846 as part of the Kutaisi Governorate on the territory of the historical region of Samegrelo during the time of the Russian Empire.

In 1918, the Kutaisi Governorate including the Senaki uezd was incorporated into part of the Democratic Republic of Georgia.

The majority of the population indicated Mingrelian to be their mother tongue, with a significant Georgian speaking minority.

1 January] 1916, including 86,448 men and 73,230 women, 149,112 of whom were the permanent population, and 10,566 were temporary residents:[6]