The term is sometimes used synonymously with Area Septalis,[1] to refer to the precommisural part of the lower base of the telencephalon.

Dorsally can be found the septum pellucidum, a thin membrane of glial cells and fibres that separate the ventricles, and anteriorly is the lamina terminalis.

The septum projects fibres to the hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, reticular formation and olfactory cortical areas, suggesting a role in limbic regulation.

[2] While the exact function remains controversial, the septum is considered a pleasure zone in animals,[3][4] studies have shown that stimulation of the septal area can bring feelings of satisfaction to euphoria [5] and damage can cause hyperactivity and fury.

[6] With the exception of the nucleus septalis triangularis, all septal nuclei appear to have progressed in size during the evolution of higher primates.