The third is Hamidiyyeh clock tower, built to celebrate the anniversary of Sultan Abdul Hamid II's coronation.
Since the days of Emir Fakhreddine in the 17th century, Serail Hill was a strategic location and became, over the years, the seat of authority.
The Serail Clock Tower, designed by the architect Youssef Aftimos, was inaugurated in 1898 in honor of Sultan Abdul Hamid II.
The Emir confirmed his rise to power with the construction of a watchtower - Burj Umm Dabbous - in a prominent location on the hill, in the 17th century.
In their bid for control of the city, the Ottomans selected this location, from which Ibrahim Pasha's Egyptian military encampment had ruled for almost a decade.
The Serail Clock Tower, designed by the architect Youssef Aftimos, was inaugurated in 1898 in honor of Sultan Abdul Hamid II.
17th century: Construction of a watchtower - Burj Umm Dabbous - as a confirmation of Emir Fakhreddine's rise to power on Serail Hill.