He was born into a wealthy merchant family of Old Believers[1] and his mother was from the nobility, although they were officially registered as "peasants" from Vladimir Governorate.
From 1876 to 1886, he studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture with Vasily Perov, Alexei Savrasov and Illarion Pryanishnikov, a distant relative.
[2] His best-known work is "На миру" (1893), which depicts an obshchina meeting attempting to resolve a dispute between a poor man and a rich man; a scene related to the emancipation of the serfs in 1861.
Beginning in the latter half of the 1890s, he turned away from his realistic approach and adopted a sketchy style that was closer to Impressionism.
In 1900, he did illustrations for The Overcoat, by Gogol and some decorative paintings, together with Konstantin, including one of the Battle of Kulikovo at the State Historical Museum (1908).