Sergei Nikolayevich Tarakanov (alternative spellings: Serguei, Sergey) (Russian: Серге́й Николаевич Тараканов; born 25 April 1958 in Lodeynoye Pole, Leningrad Oblast, Russian SFSR, USSR) is a Russian retired professional basketball player.

During his playing career, he was a 2.03 m (6'8") tall small forward-power forward.

Tarakanov played at the club level with Spartak Leningrad (1975–1979), CSKA Moscow (1979–1990, winning 7 times the Soviet Basketball League championship), the German club Ludwisburg Stuttgart (1990–1991), and the Belgian club Liège Basket (1991–1992).

Tarakanov was a member of the senior Soviet national team from 1979 to 1990.

This biographical article relating to a Russian basketball figure is a stub.