Sergey Pavlovich Kravkov (Russian: Сергей Павлович Кравков; 21 June 1873 – 12 August 1938) was a soil scientist and agricultural chemist.

After the graduation Sergey Kravkov remained at the Agronomy Chair of the Imperial Saint Petersburg University where he worked under the guidance of Professor Sovetov.

In 1898 his first scientific work "K voprosu o vliyanii elektrizatsii pochvy na sovershayuschiesya v ney processy" (On the effect of electrostatic charging of soil on the processes going on in it) was published.

Their results were published in the "Trudy Volnogo ekonomicheskogo obschestva" (Works of the Free Economic Society) and the "Zemledelcheskaya gazeta" (Agricultural newspaper).

In 1904 Sergey Kravkov returned to the Imperial Saint Petersburg University, passed master's exams and was elected a privatdocent to deliver lectures on chemical and biological processes in soil.

In 1908 Sergey Kravkov defended the master's thesis "Materialy po izucheniyu processov razlozheniya rastitelnykh ostatkov v pochve" (Materials on the study of the processes of decomposition of vegetal remains in soil) at the Imperial Kazan University.

At the same time Kravkov was elected the Head of the Agronomy Chair of the Imperial Saint Petersburg University and held this position till his death in 1938.

Kravkov was the first to pay attention to the fact that the soil is an element that is constantly gradually changing and is not in a state of fixed chemical balance.

By the resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR in 1939, the Laboratory of Experimental Soil Science of the Leningrad State University was named after Sergey Pavlovich Kravkov.