Shamkhal (title)

[4] According to the anonymous chronicle Darbandnamah, a brother of caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik, named Moslim, commander of the Muslim forces in Dagestan, capturing Kumukh appointed Shakhbal as its governor.

Among the supporters of Turkic version of the creation of the Shamkhalian state is Lak historian Ali Kayaev:[10][11]Shamkhal wasn't a descendant of Abbas Hamza but a Turk, who came with his companions.

[22] Ancient pre-Muslim names of the Kumuk [today Kumukh] inhabitants, as fixed in Khuduk inscription — Budulay, Ahsuwar, Chupan and others[23] — are of Turkic origin.

[28] Nizam al-Din Shami in his XIV century Timurid chronicle The Book of Triumph[29] and Sheref ad-din Yezdi mentioned the land as Gazi-Kumukluk,[30] where the suffix "luk" suffi is a Turkic linguistic sign.

Jamalutdin-haji Mamaev in the beginning of the 20th century wrote:[34]The fact that the ruler in Dagestan was chosen from the Chinghiz dynasty and called shawkhal-khan [sic], derived from the Turkic, Tatar spiritual tradition, as a reliance on their genealogical ancestry (nasab), not paying attention to the science or courtesies (edeb).

They didn't allow someone to stand higher than them or lift heads.According to French historian Chantal Lemercier-Quelquejay, Shamkhalate was dominated by the Turkic Kumyks, and the Lak people hold the honorable title of Gazis (because of the earlier adoption of Islam).

He conquered Russia, Comania, Alania, Lak, Mengiar, Gugia and Khazaria, and before his conquest, they all belonged to Comans.Vasily Bartold also stated that the Arabic version is a compilation by local historians trying to merge legends with history.