[6] Theriot has either recorded or performed with a wide variety of artists in virtually all styles of music including The Neville Brothers, Hall and Oates, Boz Scaggs, LeAnn Rimes, Beyoncé, Harry Connick Jr., Allen Toussaint, Dr. John, Willie Nelson (he also makes an uncredited appearance in the movie The Dukes of Hazzard with Willie Nelson in band scene), Madeleine Peyroux, Sam Moore of Sam and Dave, Aaron Neville, Maria Muldaur, Larry Carlton, John Waite, Leni Stern, Zachary Richard, Steve Earle, Idris Muhammad, Blue Floyd, Marc Broussard, Slim Whitman, The Syn (with Chris Squire and Alan White of Yes), and Little Feat among others.

He was featured on Rickie Lee Jones' Kicks and The Other Side of Desire, playing a variety of instruments including guitar, bass, and lap steel.

Jim Keltner, Johnny Vidacovich and Kirk Covington serve as drummers, while James Singleton, Nate Wood, Chris Maresh and Theriot fill the bass chair.

In the fall of 2024, Theriot was inducted into the Louisiana Music Hall of Fame, of which he said “I feel like my Louisiana upbringing and working with artists like the Neville Brothers and Dr. John and all the other great Louisiana musicians really shaped my style and allowed me to bring something special to a project.”[8] Theriot has produced records for other artists including Ramsey Lewis (with Dr. John and Kung Fu), Jo-El Sonnier (The Legacy, which won the 2015 Grammy award for Regional Roots album) and is currently co-producing Daryl Hall's upcoming solo record.

[10] In June 2019, Rolling Stone announced that Theriot produced Dr John's final album, for which a release date has not yet been set.

"'[11] Theriot has written music and jingles for MTV, Discovery Channel, A&E, CMT, VH1 and ESPN, including for the shows Sons of Guns and Anthony Bourdain's The Layover.

[10] Shane acts as the long-time bandleader and musical director of Live from Daryl's House, which resumed filming and airing in 2023 after a haitus.

He has also done seminars for the National Guitar Summer Workshop and is a frequent guest at Musicians Institute campuses in Los Angeles and Japan.

As a clinician, Theriot has appeared as a guest instructor along with Dweezil Zappa and Lee Ritenour at the Crown of the Continent Guitar Festival.