[1] Hooge was the eldest son of Hong Taiji, and was supported by the Yellow Banners in his bid to become emperor after his death.

[2] Shanqi served as the tax supervisor of Chongwenmen, as a commander in the Army, as a member of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, and as an early leader within the Beijing gendarmerie and Qing police system.

[6] After the Xinhai Revolution, Shanqi formed the backbone of the Royalist Party, proclaiming his "official duty to the lord" (junchen dayi).

[7] Shanqi refused to accept the abdication of Xuantong and was smuggled to the Japanese concession of Port Arthur in the Kwantung Leased Territory.

[9] Before and after the Manchu Restoration by Zhang Xun in 1917, two Manchu-Mongol independence movements were launched, both of which ended in failure.

The 1916 Manchu-Mongol Independence Movement, supported by businessman Okura Kihachiro, involved a one million yen investment to the Royalist Party, who held an army in Manchuria, composed of restorationists and Mongolian bandits.

General Tanaka Giichi was to assist him in capturing Mukden and setting up a Manchurian state North of the Great Wall, eventually striking Beijing.

The Japanese Foreign Ministry, who wanted to dismantle the Manchu-Mongol Independence Movement, reached an agreement with Kawashima Naniwa.