Although they were a vassal state of the Zhou dynasty, the Shanrong would not pay tribute to the King of Zhou and eventually became a threat to the Central Plain.
The Duke Huan of Qi (679BC) summoned their vassal states to the summit in Juancheng, becoming the first hegemon of the Spring and Autumn period.
Shanrong army attacked the State of Yan (664BC), which led to Yan asking Qi for help, Duke Huan of Qi led the coalition army northern bound which led to the Shanrong to retreat in the following year.
Coalition forces continued north, defeating Shanrong at Wuzhong Mount (无终山), present-day Pan Mountain.Eventually, the Shanrong leader fled to Guzhu.
The coalition forces did not stop there and defeated both Guzhu and Shanrong as well as another nomadic state called Lingzhi (令支) before returning.