Located in northern Lorain County, it borders the following townships and municipalities: No municipalities are located in Sheffield Township, other than the cities of Lorain and Sheffield Lake and village of Sheffield that have incorporated most of the original extent of the township.

Statewide, the only other Sheffield Township is located in Ashtabula County.

The first inhabitants of Sheffield Township began settling the area circa 1815.

[5] The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.

There is also an elected township fiscal officer,[6] who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election.