The rectangular buildings usually had gabled roofs covered in local materials such as turf, heather, or rushes, supported on timbers.
[7] Some sources consider shielings to differ from farmsteads in lacking an enclosure,[8] although they may be surrounded by a bank and ditch, or by a dry stone wall.
[7] The Welsh traveller and naturalist Thomas Pennant wrote the first description of Scottish shielings:[7] I landed on a bank covered with sheelins, the temporary habitations of some peasants who tend the herds of milch cows.
These formed a grotesque group; some were oblong, some conic, and so low that the entrance is forbidden without creeping through the opening, which has no other door than a faggot of birch twigs placed there occasionally; they are constructed of branches of trees covered with sods; the furniture a bed of heather; placed on a bank of sod, two blankets and a rug; some dairy vessels; and above, certain pendent shelves made of basket‑work, to hold the cheese, the product of the summer.
In one of the little conic huts I spied a little infant asleep.The shieling system was widespread across Europe, including upland Britain and Iceland.
[7] Turf-built shielings have typically gradually eroded and disappeared, but traces of stone-built structures persist in the landscape.
[18] Several of these are in Alexander Macdonald's 1914 Story and Song from Loch Ness-side, including "Cha teid mi Choir Odhar", "Chunacas gruagach ‘s an aonach", and "A fhlesgaich is cummaire", all from Perthshire, and "Luinneag Airidh" (a shieling lovesong).
[27] The Scottish poet Robert Burns mentions a "shiel" in his song "Bessy and her Spinnin' Wheel"[28] and his poem "The Country Lass".