Shelterin

Shelterin (also called telosome) is a protein complex known to protect telomeres in many eukaryotes from DNA repair mechanisms, as well as to regulate telomerase activity.

[1][3] The absence of shelterin causes telomere uncapping and thereby activates damage-signaling pathways[4] that may lead to non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), homology directed repair (HDR),[5] end-to-end fusions,[6] genomic instability,[6] senescence, or apoptosis.

[7] At least four factors contribute to telomere maintenance in most eukaryotes: telomerase, shelterin, TERRA and the CST Complex.

[32] The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster lacks both shelterin and telomerase, but instead uses retrotransposons to maintain telomeres.

[34] TIN2 loss in human cancer cells has resulted in reduced glycolysis and increased oxidative phosphorylation.