The layers in which it was found were dated to the eighth century BCE.

[7] In 1966 Gottlieb's daughter gave a testimonial that her father told her that the seal was placed in Abdul Hamid II tomb.

[9][10] In the 1980s, Yigal Ronen, a nuclear engineer and amateur antiquities collector from Ben Gurion university, visited the Bedouin market in Be'er Sheva.

[11] He was offered a tiny clay lump stamped with the image of a roaring lion and ancient Hebrew writing.

[18] “Belonging to Shema (שמע)[19] the servant of Jeroboam.”[20][21]Hebrew to English translation: ‘lshm’ ‘bd yrbm’[1]