The Shire of Kilcoy was a local government area in South East Queensland, Australia, about 95 kilometres (59 mi) northwest of Brisbane along the D'Aguilar Highway, not far from the Sunshine Coast.

Beef cattle is the predominant industry in the area, with other activities including dairying, small crops and aquaculture.

The area was originally incorporated as part of the Caboolture Division on 11 November 1879 under the Divisional Boards Act 1879.

With the passage of the Local Authorities Act 1902, Caboolture became a Shire on 31 March 1903.

On 15 March 2008, under the Local Government (Reform Implementation) Act 2007 passed by the Parliament of Queensland on 10 August 2007, the Shire of Kilcoy merged with the Shire of Esk to form the Somerset Region.