The Shire of Tambo was a local government area located in central Queensland south-east of the town of Blackall.

It covered an area of 14,083.8 square kilometres (5,437.8 sq mi), and existed as a local government entity from 1881 until 2008, when it amalgamated with neighbouring Shire of Blackall to form the Blackall-Tambo Region.

The Barcoo River travels through the shire's former area on its way to Cooper Creek and eventually Lake Eyre.

Kargoolnah Division was created on 11 November 1879 as one of 74 divisions around Queensland under the Divisional Boards Act 1879, and included the areas of Blackall, Tambo and Barcaldine and parts of Jericho.

On 15 March 2008, under the Local Government (Reform Implementation) Act 2007 passed by the Parliament of Queensland on 10 August 2007, the Shire of Tambo merged with the Shire of Blackall to form the Blackall-Tambo Region.