Dvolajckij was born in Žagarė, Lithuania, then part of the Russian Empire.
[1] He collaborated with Alexander Bogdanov in producing the 10th revised edition of Kratkii kurs ekonomicheskoi nauki (1920) which appeared in an English translation by Joe Fineberg as A Short Course in Economic Science (1923).
[2] However Bogdanov was to criticise Dvolajckij's view that the method of K. Marx’s Das Kapital was not applicable to the analysis of non-capitalist social-economic formations.
[3] In 1928 his Ćastnyj kapital v torgovle SSSR was published in Russia.
In 1934 his translation of a chapter of Rosa Luxemburg's The Accumulation of Capital was published in Moscow: Tugan-Baranovsky He was director of the Department of Culture and Propaganda of the Azov-Black Sea Territorial Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (bolsheviks) from 1936–7 when he was purged.