Shortwave relay station

Shortwave relay stations are transmitter sites used by international broadcasters to extend their coverage to areas that cannot be reached easily from their home state.

Depending on the effect of the shortwave dead zone the target countries can jam the programs only locally, e.g. for bigger cities.

[3] Two and only one broadcasting technology couples all of the components of a traditional shortwave relay station into one unit: the ALLISS module.

Most of the world's shortwave relay stations do not use this technology, due to its cost (15m EUR per ALLISS module: Transmitter + Antenna + Automation equipment).

These are considered general operating parameters: General requirements of shortwave relay stations: The IEEE Book series "The History of International Broadcasting" (Volume I) describes mobile shortwave relay stations used by the German propaganda ministry during WWII, to avoid them being located by radio direction finding and bombed by the Allies.