Shou County or Shouxian (simplified Chinese: 寿县; traditional Chinese: 壽縣; pinyin: Shòu Xiàn) is a county in the north-central part of Anhui Province, China, and is located on the southern (right) bank of the Huai River.

[2] Shou, formerly known as Shouchun (壽春) and Shouyang (壽陽), was the last capital of the State of Chu from 241 BCE, after the Chu royal court fled in advance of the sack of the previous capital Chen (陳), by the growing power of the kingdom of Qin, on its way to imperial ascendency.

From the time of the Qin dynasty to the Three Kingdoms period, the county fell under the jurisdiction of Jiujiang Commandery (九江郡).

Currently Shou County is a focal point of a national project to increase production of agricultural goods.

Zhengyang Pass, located on the Wai River, is a major point of transportation and goods distribution in Anhui.