It ultimately ended in the surrender of Albazin to Qing China and Russian abandonment of the Amur River area in return for trading privileges in Beijing.

After the Battle of Hutong (1658), the Russians made no formal attempt to gain control of the Amur River valley.

In 1667, the Hamnigan Buryat leader Gantimur refused the Qing request to join them in military operations against the Russians and went over to the other side.

The Qing were unable to immediately mount a military expedition against the Russians at this time due to being hampered by a lack of supplies in the Amur region.

From these exiles came the Polish Nikifor Chernigovsky, who in 1665 murdered his guards at Ilimsk, and fled with a gang of escaped prisoners to Albazin, where they rebuilt the fort.

[10] Unlike other parts of the Russian Far East, Albazin's lands were fertile and the fort quickly grew to a settlement with buildings multiplying and farms spreading throughout the valley.

This time they built a stout bastion fort with the help of a Prussian military expert by the name of Afanasii Ivanovich Beiton, who had been captured in 1667 by the Russians and sent as a prisoner to Siberia.

The new walls, made of an earthen core, were reinforced with a weave of clay and tree roots, making them uncommonly strong.

On 23 July, the Qing made a direct assault on the southern wall after bombardment from cannons, but were forced to retreat with heavy losses.

Due to the bastions and design of the fortress, the Qing were unable to gain an advantageous position to bombard the defending forces.

In August 1689, the Treaty of Nerchinsk, which saw the official surrender of the Amur region by the Russians to the Manchus, was agreed upon under threat of arms from the Qing.