[3] In 1620 the Spanish commander Don Ambrosio Spinola adopted Fabian tactics[3] in the hope of wearing the enemy out, until the approach of winter compelled the English and their allies to seek quarters.

The garrison under Sir Horace Vere at Mannheim received a visit early in 1622 from the dethroned Frederick V, Elector Palatine, who had promised them a diversion, and who, in conjunction with Ernst von Mansfeld, had inflicted a momentary check upon the Imperialist army under Johan Tzerclaes, Count of Tilly, at Wiesloch (April).

[3] The combined Protestant forces, now numbering 25,000 strong, positioned themselves on the western bank of the Rhine and ceased challenging the invasion of the Palatinate.

In July 1622 it was decided that the Protestant force under Mansfeld and Brunswick should instead march through the Netherlands to lift the siege of Bergen-op-Zoom.

[1] Finally, the defensive Anglo-Protestant forces under Sir Horace Vere, after a futile struggle, were defeated and capitulated.