He was pastor at Augusta's Tabernacle Baptist Church and was a prominent agent of the International Sunday School Convention.

[6][7] Floyd was active in religious life, joining a Baptist church at the age of 12, being licensed to preach in 1896, and soon after being ordained.

[3] While a college student, Floyd taught school in the region during the summers and spent one year working in Boston.

[10] Starting in 1915, Floyd was the corresponding secretary and the chairman of the publicity committee of the National Association of Teachers in Colored Schools then led by John Manuel Gandy.

He also spoke in favor of limiting black involvement in politics, recommending focus on development and advancement of African Americans.

[13] Floyd was appointed secretary of the Colored State Food Conservation Board of Georgia by Governor Hugh Dorsey in early 1918.

In 1916, Floyd chaired the Colored Charitable Relief Fund in the aftermath of the Great Augusta Fire.

[3] Floyd’s published writings include a biography of Charles T. Walker, a children’s book titled Floyd’s Flowers, a book of sermons titled The Gospel of Service and Other Sermons, and numerous poems and articles in national publications including Lippincott's Monthly Magazine.

In 1902 he was elected a member of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, and the Augusta Chronicle called Floyd the "Paul Laurence Dunbar of the South".

[2] Floyd's Flowers argued for optimism, hard work, and determination in the face of violence and racial lynching and is often paired with books by Edward A. Johnson in its literary reevaluation of slavery and reconstruction by African American post-Reconstruction authors.