Simbirsk Governorate (Russian: Симбирская губерния, romanized: Simbirskaya guberniya) was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR, which existed from 1796 to 1928.

Its administrative center was in the city of Simbirsk, renamed Ulyanovsk in 1924 (likewise, Simbirsk Governorate was named Ulyanovsk Governorate).

By a decree of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union of May 9, 1924, the city of Simbirsk has renamed Ulyanovsk, which included the volost, the uyezd, and the governorate itself.

[2][3] In 1925, the Alatyrsky uezd was transferred to the Chuvash ASSR and 4 uezds remained in the Ulyanovsk Governorate: Ardatovsk, Karsunsk, Syzransk, and Ulyanovsk.

On January 6, 1926, by the decision of the Samara Governorate Executive Committee, the Melekessky uyezd was transferred to the Ulyanovsk governorate.