[1][2][3][4] Paulli was the first court physician to Frederick III of Denmark,[5] and made valuable contributions to anatomy and botany.
[2] His grandfather, Simon Paulli Sr., was a German theologian and first city superintendent of Rostock.
[3][7] Paulli was schooled in several places, including Rostock,[8] Leiden, Paris and Copenhagen.
He worked as a physician in Rostock and Lübeck as a medical practitioner and later became professor of anatomy at Finck College.
[2][3][4] The Paullinia, genus of flowering shrubs, small trees and lianas in the soapberry family in botany is named in honour of him.