Simon Thelwall (1601–1659) was a Welsh politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1640 and 1654.
He was admitted at Lincoln College, Oxford on 7 June 1616 aged 15.
He was sworn a burgess of Denbigh of 31 March 1634, and was admitted to Inner Temple in November 1637.
As Major Thelwall he helped drive the Royalists out of Pembrokeshire in 1643.
He became a Deputy Lieutenant for Denbighshire on 2 July 1646 and became commissioner to manage Denbighshire in May 1648, was one of the Committee for North Wales in June 1648 and commissioner for pious uses for the use of the corporation on 17 November 1648.