The chapel was designed by architect-priest and mathematician Guarino Guarini and built at the end of the 17th century (1668–1694), during the reign of Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy, and is considered one of the masterpieces of Baroque architecture.

It was Cardinal Maurizio di Savoia who pressed for its completion, uneasy with the Shroud being kept on a temporary wooden altar.

[4] The project was entrusted to the priest-architect Guarino Guarini who, after leaving Paris in 1666, stopped in Turin in 1667 and took over the work on the chapel in 1668.

To build the top of the dome, he created a series of six levels, each made up of six small arches arranged in a hexagonal plan.

Inside the star, a small circular cap is decorated with the dove of the Holy Spirit from which luminous rays emerge.

The floor was inlaid with concentric circles of stars within Greek crosses, arranged in a way to accentuate the centrality of the altar.

In the first half of the 19th century the chapel was decorated with groups of statues depicting famous members of the House of Savoy commissioned by King Charles Albert.

The statue of Amadeus VIII (first duke of Savoy and antipope) was sculpted by Benedetto Cacciatori, that of duke Emmanuel Philibert (leader known as "Iron Head", who moved the capital from Chambery to Turin) by Pompeo Marchesi, that of Duke Charles Emmanuel II (who had begun the construction of the chapel) by Innocenzo Fraccaroli, and that of Prince Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano (progenitor of the House of Savoy-Carignano line, to which Charles Albert belonged) by Giuseppe Gaggini.

With the conservative restoration site almost completed, a short circuit in the night between 11 and 12 April 1997 caused a fire that heavily damaged the building.

The Shroud itself risked being destroyed but was saved from the flames by the firefighters, who broke through the glass case containing the wooden and silver box that kept the cloth.

The necessary marble was found in 2007 from the original quarries used in the 17th century in Frabosa Soprana, but once that source was exhausted it was also extracted from other locations in the Orobic and Apuan Alps.

The roofs and lead coverings, the metal hoops, the windows, the Grande Chilassone, and the sunburst with the Holy Spirit in the dome were completely redone.

[5] The restoration and reconstruction, resulting among the winners of the European Heritage Awards in 2019, were completed after 28 years and the chapel was reopened to the city and visitors on 27 September 2018, thus becoming part of the Royal Museums tour itinerary of Turin.

[6] The restoration was one of the most complicated ever carried out, and cost over 30 million Euros, of which 28 by the Ministry of Culture, 2.7 by the Compagnia di San Paolo and the remainder with other contributions from La Stampa, Iren and of others.