[4] In Swiss law, the "principle of the unity of the subject matter" (German: Grundsatz der Einheit der Materie, French: principe de l'unité de la matière, Italian: principio dell'unità della materia) applies to federal popular initiatives and to parliamentary legislation that is subject to a referendum.
[6] States with a single-subject rule include Alabama,[7] Alaska,[8] Arizona,[9] California,[10] Colorado,[11] Delaware,[12] Florida,[13] Georgia,[14] Hawaii,[15] Idaho,[16] Illinois,[17] Indiana,[18] Iowa,[19] Kansas,[20] Kentucky,[21] Louisiana,[22] Maryland,[23] Michigan,[24] Minnesota,[25] Missouri,[26] Montana,[27] Nebraska,[28] Nevada,[29] New Jersey,[30] New Mexico,[31] New York,[32] North Dakota,[33] Ohio,[34] Oklahoma,[35] Oregon,[36] Pennsylvania,[37] South Carolina,[38] South Dakota,[39] Tennessee,[40] Texas,[41] Utah,[42] Virginia,[43] Washington,[44] Wisconsin,[45] and Wyoming.
[46] The only states without a single-subject rule in their constitution are Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Rhode Island, and Vermont.
Several states with a single-subject rule make an exception for general appropriations, including Alabama, Alaska, Colorado, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, Montana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Texas, Utah, and Wyoming.
Some of these states listed also make an exception to the single-subject rule for codifying and revising laws, like Alabama's, for example: "[.
[47] For example, the constitution of Minnesota, Article IV, Section 17, requires that "No law shall embrace more than one subject, which shall be expressed in its title."
[48] It has been charged that single-subject rules have been misused as a political or judicial measure to slow or nullify ballot initiatives.