Sir Robert Throckmorton, 4th Baronet (21 August 1702 – 8 December 1791), was a member of a prominent English family of Roman Catholic dissenters.

His aunt, Anne Throckmorton, was Abbess of the English Augustinian Convent of Notre Dame de Sion in Paris.

[4] In 1748, shortly after the marriage of his son George, Sir Robert and his wife Catherine settled at the Buckland estate, which he inherited from his mother's family, the Yates.

Sir Robert built a new house at Buckland in 1757 from plans developed by John Wood, the Elder, best known as the architect of Bath.

Sir Robert hired artist Giovanni Battista Cipriani to paint the ceiling of the library in the east pavilion of the house.