[1] Its adjacent provinces are Yozgat to the west, Kayseri to the southwest, Kahramanmaraş to the south, Malatya to the southeast, Erzincan to the east, Giresun to the northeast, and Ordu to the north.

According to the written historical sources, the region of Sivas province was first inhabited during the period of the Hittite civilization by the beginning of 2000 BC and became an important settlement.

The region then encountered the reign of Armenian, Roman, Byzantine, Seljukian, and Ottoman civilizations.

The foundations of the modern Turkish Republic were laid in the Sivas Congress assembled on 4 September 1919, during the presidency of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, thus making the province of Sivas important to the history of the Turkish nation.

[3] Historically, the province produced alum, copper, silver, iron, coal, asbestos, arsenic, and salt.