Central Europe Germany Italy Spain (Spanish Civil War) Albania Austria Baltic states Belgium Bulgaria Burma China Czechia Denmark France Germany Greece Italy Japan Jewish Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Poland Romania Slovakia Spain Soviet Union Yugoslavia Germany Italy Netherlands Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom United States Socialist Action (Polish: Akcja Socjalistyczna) was an anti-fascist organisation during the Second Polish Republic which acted as the paramilitary wing of the Polish Socialist Party (PPS).

[3] During the 1920s, violent attacks by the All-Polish Youth on political opponents became increasingly common, leading to the formation of an anti-nationalist self-defence militia by the Alliance of Democrats.

According to the historian Ludwik Hass the official establishment of Socialist Action took place on the initiative of Kazimierz Pużak at a secret meeting of the Central Executive Committee of the PPS on 8 February 1934.

A group named the Red Arrows (Czerwone Strzały) was then formed by the PPS activists Stanisław Dubois and Edward Bugajski, albeit independent of the party's leadership.

The SPÖ's own paramilitary, the Republikanischer Schutzbund, served as a model for the new organisation, with recruits being drawn from the PPS aligned Organizacja Młodzieży Towarzystwa Uniwersytetu Robotniczego, local workers sports clubs, and even members of the Communist Party of Poland (KPP).

[9] The PPS ran training camps for Socialist Action's militants, the first of which was held in the village of Grzegorzewice with additional lectures given by Adam Próchnik and Zygmunt Zaremba for the attendees.

[10] The symbol of Socialist Action was the Three Arrows, rendered in blue on a red background, which was originally used by the Iron Front, a similar social democratic organisation operating in the Weimar Republic.

Together with members of the boxing section of the worker's sports club Skra Warsaw, militants of Socialist Action physically confronted the proposed event.

In the same year, Socialist Action successfully countered an attempt by ONR activists to physically prevent Jewish students from commencing studies at the Warsaw University of Technology.

In September 1939 the PPS leadership officially dissolved the party and militants from Socialist Action were recruited to new units intended to launch attacks behind enemy lines.