Sofie Rostrup (née Jacobsen) (7 August 1857 - 25 January 1940) was a Danish entomologist and teacher.

When she was awarded her Magisterkonferens in natural history, majoring in zoology, in 1889 she became the first Danish woman to graduate from this degree.

This resulted in her influential 1900 treatise on the subject Vort Landbrugs Skadedyr blandt Insekter og andre lavere Dyr.

[2] From 1907 she worked with the Danish Farmer's Association on a series of agricultural experiments, and continued as an affiliated zoologist to this scheme when it was taken over by the state in 1913.

The Copenhagen Entomological Society, which she had joined in 1906 and regularly contributed towards, awarded Rostrup an honorary membership on her 80th birthday in 1937.