A broad definition of verification makes it related to software testing.
In that case, there are two fundamental approaches to verification: Under the ACM Computing Classification System, software verification topics appear under "Software and its engineering", within "Software creation", whereas Program verification also appears under Theory of computation under Semantics and reasoning, Program reasoning.
Static verification is the process of checking that software meets requirements by inspecting the code before it runs.
Analysis includes sampling and correlating measured data and observed test results with calculated expected values to establish conformance with requirements.
When it is defined more strictly, verification is equivalent only to static testing and it is intended to be applied to artifacts.