L. 74–461, enacted February 29, 1936) is a United States federal law that allowed the government to pay farmers to reduce production so as to conserve soil and prevent erosion.

163 on April 27, 1935 in an attempt to address farm erosion problems by bringing within its policy and purposes, the improvements and preservation of national soil resources.

Landlords were now required to share the payments they received from the government for cutting back production with those who worked on their land.

The Act also gave directives to conserve the soil in the "high plains"—soil that was being raised into huge dust bowls during the 1930s.

The Act both educated farmers on how to use their lands without damaging them, and took immediate action to contain the dust bowl's effects—notably by planting trees and native grass.