[9][10] In cities, having lots of heat-absorbing concrete and asphalt but not enough cooling vegetation creates heat islands effect.
[9][11] Using human-made materials to cover soil significantly affects its ability to provide essential services like food production.
[13] Countries with rapidly growing populations and economies are experiencing notable loss of agricultural land due to development.
[9] By completely covering the uppermost layer of soil with man-made substances, it creates fragmented habitats for local biodiversity.
[18][19] The impact on cultural services becomes apparent when people worldwide are willing to invest more money in homes located in areas with natural surroundings.