Solomon Rubin

After serving two years in the Austrian army he attempted to establish himself in Lemberg as a teacher; but persecution due to his liberal views made his position untenable, and he went to Romania, at that time a very favorable field for active and enterprising Galician Jews.

A bibliography of his works and of the more important of his many articles in periodicals will be found in William Zeitlin, "Bibliotheca Hebraica Post-Mendelsohniana" (Leipzig, 1891-1895) Rubin was an ardent admirer of the system and personality of Spinoza; and wrote much to prove the close relation between Spinozism and Judaism.

Rubin's essay in German, Spinoza und Maimonides, ein Psychologisch-Philosophisches Antitheton, won for the author the title of doctor of philosophy from the University of Göttingen.

Later in life Rubin returned to his favorite philosopher and brought out "Ḥeḳer Eloah 'im Torat ha-Adam," a Hebrew translation of Spinoza's "Ethics," with notes and an introduction.

Among his later works are "Yalḳuṭ Shelomoh" (Cracow, 1896), consisting of ten essays, and "Segulot ha-Ẓemaḥim, we-Ototam" (German title, "Symbolik der Pflanzen"; ib.