His father, Sultan Mass'oud Mirza Zell-e Soltan, was the eldest son of Naser al-Din Shah and a powerful governor of Isfahan and Fars.
His mother, Hamdam al-Molouk, was the daughter of the renowned statesman Mirza Taqi Khan Amir Kabir.
In 1303 AH (1885 CE), during his governorship in Shiraz, he faced a public uprising due to bread shortages, which he failed to resolve.
[4] However, his governorship was marred by violent incidents, including the execution of seven individuals accused of Babi affiliation in Yazd in 1308 AH (1891 CE).
However, British and Russian sources accused him of conspiring against Mohammad Ali Shah, seeking to dethrone him, and positioning Zill al-Sultan as regent.