Sophia of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp (1 June 1569 at Gottorf Castle – 14 November 1634 in Schwerin) was regent of the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin from 1603 to 1608.

Sophia was the eldest daughter of Duke Adolph of Holstein-Gottorp and his wife Christine of Hesse.

Initially, Duke Ulrich of Mecklenburg took up the regency and Sophia retreated to her widow's seat in Lübz.

Sophia administered her wittum, the districts of Rehna and Wittenburg very cautiously, economically and carefully.

In 1608, Duke Charles I asked the emperor to declare Sophia's eldest son an adult.