Sophie Bledsoe Aberle (née Herrick; July 10, 1896 – October 1, 1996) was an American anthropologist, physician and nutritionist known for her work with Pueblo people.

She was employed by the Bureau of Indian Affairs from 1935 to 1944, then took a position with National Research Council until 1949, and from 1949 to 1954 at the University of New Mexico.

[6][7] In 1948, her first major book was published, which placed Aberle as a strong proponent of Pueblo land rights.

[6] She and Gerty Cori were the first women appointed to the National Science Board by President Harry Truman in 1951.

She worked for the Bernalillo County Indian Hospital as its chief nutritionist until 1966 when she returned to the University of New Mexico as a professor of psychiatry, a position she maintained until her 1970 retirement.